Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, e-yardımcıların teleterapi hizmet sunum modeline ilişkin deneyimlerini ve görüşlerini incelemektir. Teleterapi bağlamında e-yardımcı, uzaktan yapılan dil ve konuşma terapisi seansları sırasında danışana yerinde destek sağlayan; teknik kuruluma yardımcı olan, materyalleri yöneten ve terapistin talimatlarının uygulanmasını kolaylaştıran bir ebeveyn, bakımveren veya başka bir yetişkin olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, e-yardımcıların teleterapi sürecindeki rollerini nasıl anladıklarını ve yerine getirdiklerini, ayrıca bu hizmet modelini genel olarak nasıl değerlendirdiklerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Düzenli olarak teleterapi seanslarına katılan on bir e-yardımcı çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. E-yardımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış ve veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda beş tema belirlenmiştir: (1) teleterapi öncesi karar verme süreci, (2) teleterapinin avantaj ve dezavantajları, (3) devam etme niyetleri, (4) terapist ile iletişime ilişkin görüşler ve (5) teleterapinin tercih edilebilirliğini artırmaya yönelik öneriler. Çoğu e-yardımcı, teleterapinin erişilebilirlik ve zaman yönetimi açısından kolaylık sağladığını belirtmiş; ancak, küçük yaş grupları veya teknolojik sınırlamalar yaşayan danışanlar için e-yardımcının varlığının kritik olduğunu vurgulamıştır.
Sonuç: E-yardımcıların teleterapi sürecine aktif katılımı, hizmetin etkinliğini artırmada önemli bir faktördür. Bulgular, e-yardımcıların teleterapiyi daha etkin destekleyebilmeleri için yapılandırılmış eğitim programlarına ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, teleterapinin gelecekte daha yaygın bir hizmet sunum modeli olarak benimsenebileceğine dair destekleyici kanıt sağlamaktadır.
teleterapi, e-yardımcı, dil ve konuşma terapisi, hizmet sunum modeli, nitel araştırma
Abendroth, K. J., Oxley, J. D., & Hays, K. M. (2022). Book sharing with AAC over telepractice: A tutorial. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 43(4), 272–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/15257401211024539
Aggarwal, K., Patel, R., & Ravi, R. (2021). Uptake of telepractice among speech-language therapists following COVID-19 pandemic in India. Speech, Language and Hearing, 24(4), 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571X.2020.1812034
Akamoglu, Y., Meadan, H., Pearson, J. N., & Cummings, K. (2018). Getting connected: Speech and language pathologists’ perceptions of building rapport via telepractice. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 30(4), 569-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-018-9603-3
Akram, S., Mumtaz, N., Shahid, N., & Saqulain, G. (2021). Satisfaction and competence with telepractice services in Pakistan amid COVID-19 pandemic: The speech-language pathologists’ perspective. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 19(3), 251-260. https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.19.3.1335.3
Al Awaji, N. N., Almudaiheem, A. A., & Mortada, E. M. (2021). Assessment of caregivers’ perspectives regarding speech-language services in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. PLoS One, 16(6), e0253441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253441
Alvares, R. (2013). Working with facilitators to provide school-based speech and language intervention via telepractice. Perspectives on Telepractice, 3(2), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1044/teles3.2.44
Alyahya R. S. W. (2025). The satisfaction of clients and caregivers with telehealth speech-language pathology services. Digital health, 11, 20552076241313163. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241313163
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2021, Haziran). Telepractice ASHA. Available from https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/professional-issues/telepractice/
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2020). ASHA COVID-19 survey results—May 2020. Available from. https://www.asha.org/siteassets/uploadedfiles/covid-19-tracker-survey-may-2020.pdf
Anderson, K., Balandin, S., Stancliffe, R. J., & Layfield, C. (2014). Parents' perspectives on tele-AAC support for families with a new speech generating device: Results from an Australian pilot study. Division 18 Newsletter, 4(2), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1044/teles4.2.52
Ashburner, J., Vickerstaff, S., Beetge, J., & Copley, J. (2016). Remote versus face-to-face delivery of early intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorders: Perceptions of rural families and service providers. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.11.011
Campbell, D. R., & Goldstein, H. (2021). Genesis of a new generation of telepractitioners: The COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric speech-language pathology services. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(5), 2143-2154. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-21-00013
Cangi, M. E., & Toğram, B. (2020). Stuttering therapy through telepractice in Turkey: A mixed method study. Journal of fluency disorders, 66, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105793
Cheung, W. C., Aleman-Tovar, J., Johnston, A. N., Little, L. M., & Burke, M. M. (2023). A qualitative study exploring parental perceptions of telehealth in early intervention. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 35(3), 353-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-022-09853-w
Chua, C. H., Seow, F. C., Tang, F. M., & Lim, L. M. (2022). Factors affecting telepractice use in COVID-19. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 31. https://doi.org/10.1177/20101058221074120
Cotelli, M., Manenti, R., Brambilla, M., Gobbi, E., Ferrari, C., Binetti, G., & Cappa, S. F. (2019). Cognitive telerehabilitation in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia: a systematic review. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 25(2), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X17740390
Crutchley, S., Campbell, M., & Christiana, D. (2012). Implementing a school-based telepractice program. Perspectives on Telepractice, 2(1), 31–41.https://doi.org/10.1044/tele2.1.31
DiFabio, D., Moodie, S., O'Hagan, R., Pardal, S., & Glista, D. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to paediatric caregivers' participation in virtual speech, language, and hearing services: A scoping review. Digital health, 9, 20552076231216684. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231216684
Douglass, H., Lowman, J. J., & Angadi, V. (2021). Defining roles and responsibilities for school-based tele-facilitators: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ratings of proposed competencies. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 13(1), e6351. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6351
Fairweather, G. C., Lincoln, M. A., & Ramsden, R. (2017). Speech-language pathology telehealth in rural and remote schools: the experience of school executive and therapy assistants. Rural and Remote Health, 17(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH4225
Farmani, E., Fekar Gharamaleki, F., & Nazari, M. A. (2024). Challenges and opportunities of tele-speech therapy: Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of public health research, 13(1), 22799036231222115. https://doi.org/10.1177/22799036231222115
Finak, P., Hastings-Truelove, A., Fecica, A., & Batorowicz, B. (2023). Therapy services for children and youth living in rural areas of high-income countries: a scoping review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(11), 1893-1915. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2074552
Fitton, L., Bustamante, K. N., & Wood, C. (2017). The social validity of telepractice among Spanish-speaking caregivers of English learners: An examination of moderators. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 9(2), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2017.6227
Fong, R., Tsai, C. F., & Yiu, O. Y. (2021). The implementation of telepractice in speech language pathology in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine and e-Health, 27(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2020.0223
Freckmann, A., Hines, M., & Lincoln, M. (2017). Clinicians’ perspectives of therapeutic alliance in face-to-face and telepractice speech–language pathology sessions. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19(3), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2017.1292547
Fromm, C., & McKenna, M. (2025). Learning from caregivers: Insights into pediatric speech and language services delivered via telepractice during COVID-19. Journal of Communication Disorders, 106577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2025.106577
Galvin, E., Gavin, B., Kilbride, K., Desselle, S., McNicholas, F., Cullinan, S., & Hayden, J. (2024). The use of telehealth in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a survey of parents and caregivers. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(12), 4247-4257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02466-y
Grillo, E. U. (2019). Building a successful voice telepractice program. Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups, 4(1), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_PERS-SIG3-2018-0014
Grogan-Johnson, S. (2014). Teletherapy: Serving school-age children. In K. Todd Houston (Ed.), Telepractice in speech-language pathology (pp. 117–125). Plural Publishing, Inc. ISBN13: 978-1-59756-479-3
Guglani, I., Sanskriti, S., Joshi, S. H., & Anjankar, A. (2023). Speech-language therapy through telepractice during COVID-19 and its way forward: A scoping review. Cureus, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44808
Gürsoy, M. D., Tığrak, T. K., & Köse, A. (2022). Telepractice with preschool children: Speech-Language pathologists' perspectives in Turkey. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 14(2), e6465. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2022.6465
Hall-Mills, S., Johnson, L., Gross, M., Latham, D., & Everhart, N. (2022). Providing telepractice in schools during a pandemic: The experiences and perspectives of speech-language pathologists. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 53(2), 290-306. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_LSHSS-21-00023
Hill, A., & Theodoros, D. (2002). Research into telehealth applications in speech-language pathology. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 8(4), 187-196.https://doi.org/10.1258/135763302320272158
Howells, S., Cardell, E. A., Waite, M. C., Bialocerkowski, A., & Tuttle, N. (2019). A simulation-based learning experience in augmentative and alternative communication using telepractice: speech pathology students’ confidence and perceptions. Advances in Simulation, 4(Suppl 1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-019-0113-x
Kairy, D., Lehoux, P., Vincent, C., & Visintin, M. (2009). A systematic review of clinical outcomes, clinical process, healthcare utilization and costs associated with telerehabilitation. Disability and rehabilitation, 31(6), 427-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280802062553
Kelchner, L. N., Fredeking II, J. C., & Zacharias, S. C. (2021, January). Using telepractice to deliver pediatric voice care in a changing world: breaking down challenges and learning from successes. In Seminars in Speech and Language, 42(1), 54-063. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722320
Kobak, K. A., Stone, W. L., Wallace, E., Warren, Z., Swanson, A., & Robson, K. (2011). A web-based tutorial for parents of young children with autism: results from a pilot study. Telemedicine and e-Health, 17(10), 804-808. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2011.0060
Kollia, B., & Tsiamtsiouris, J. (2021). Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on telepractice in speech-language pathology. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 49(2), 152-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2021.1908210
Kraljević, J. K., Matić, A., & Dokoza, K. P. (2020). Telepractice as a reaction to the COVID-19 crisis: Insights from Croatian SLP settings. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 12(2), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2020.6325
Kwok, E. Y. L., Chiu, J., Rosenbaum, P., & Cunningham, B. J. (2022a). The process of telepractice implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative inquiry of preschool speech-language pathologists and assistants from one center in Canada. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07454-5
Kwok, E. Y. L., Pozniak, K., Cunningham, B. J., & Rosenbaum, P. (2022b). Factors influencing the success of telepractice during the COVID‐19 pandemic and preferences for post‐pandemic services: An interview study with clinicians and parents. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 57(6), 1354-1367. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12760
Lam, J. H. Y., Lee, S. M. K., & Tong, X. (2021). Parents’ and students’ perceptions of telepractice services for speech-language therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Survey study. JMIR pediatrics and parenting, 4(1), e25675. https://doi.org/10.2196/25675
Lincoln Yvonna, S., & Guba Egon, G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Mansour, N. (2024). Students’ and facilitators’ experiences with synchronous and asynchronous online dialogic discussions and e-facilitation in understanding the Nature of Science. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 15965–15997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12473-w
Musaji, I., Roth, B., Coufal, K., Parham, D. F., & Self, T. L. (2021). Comparing in-person and telepractice service delivery for spoken language production and comprehension using the National Outcomes Measurement System. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 13(1), e6373. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6373
Myers, B., Hary, E., Ellerston, J., & Barkmeier-Kraemer, J. M. (2022). Telepractice considerations for evaluation and treatment of voice disorders: tailoring to specific populations. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 31(2), 678-688. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-21-00206
Overby, M. S. (2018). Stakeholders’ qualitative perspectives of effective telepractice pedagogy in speech–language pathology. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 53(1), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12329
Rao, P. K., & Yashaswini, R. (2018). Telepractice in speech-language pathology and audiology: Prospects and challenges. Journal of Indian Speech Language & Hearing Association, 32(2), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisha.jisha_39_17
Retamal-Walter, F., Waite, M., & Scarinci, N. (2023). Exploring engagement in telepractice early intervention for young children with developmental disability and their families: a qualitative systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 18(8), 1508-1521. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2022.2048098
Richmond, T., Peterson, C., Cason, J., Billings, M., Terrell, E. A., Lee, A. C. W., ... & Brennan, D. (2017). American Telemedicine Association’s principles for delivering telerehabilitation services. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 9(2), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2017.6232
Shahouzaie, N., & Gholamiyan Arefi, M. (2024). Telehealth in speech and language therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 19(3), 761-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2022.2122605
Simpson, J. (2013). Challenges and trends driving telerehabilitation. In: Kumar, S., Cohn, E. (eds) Telerehabilitation. Health Informatics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4198-3_2
Sippl, T., & Ciccia, A. H. (2014). Reaching the neediest preschoolers: Not surprisingly, providing telepractice services to preschoolers can be tough. How do you captivate a child who can’t sit still? Here’s what one SLP learned is crucial to effective web-based early intervention. The ASHA Leader, 19(2), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR1.19022014.42
Snodgrass, M. R., Chung, M. Y., Biller, M. F., Appel, K. E., Meadan, H., & Halle, J. W. (2017). Telepractice in speech–language therapy: The use of online technologies for parent training and coaching. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 38(4), 242-254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740116680424
Swales, M., Theodoros, D., Hill, A. J., & Russell, T. (2020). Speech-language pathologists’ perceptions of the use of telepractice in the delivery of services to people with Parkinson’s disease: A national pilot survey. International journal of speech-language pathology, 22(4), 387-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2019.1650110
Sylvan, L., Goldstein, E., & Crandall, M. (2020). Capturing a moment in time: A survey of school-based speech-language pathologists' experiences in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 public health emergency. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 5(6), 1735-1749. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_PERSP-20-001
Tambyraja, S. R., Farquharson, K., & Coleman, J. (2021). Speech-language teletherapy services for school-aged children in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 26(2), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2021.1906249
Taylor, O. D., Armfield, N. R., Dodrill, P., & Smith, A. C. (2014). A review of the efficacy and effectiveness of using telehealth for paediatric speech and language assessment. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 20(7), 405-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x14552388
Tomaiuoli, D., Del Gado, F., Marchetti, S., Scordino, L., & Vedovelli, D. (2021). Telepractice in school-age children who stutter: a controlled before and after study to evaluate the efficacy of MIDA-SP. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 13(1), e6380. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6380
Topbaş, S., Birol, N. Y., Berber, H., Polat, B., Kırımtay, B., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde dil ve konuşma terapisi yönetimi:“Şimdi ne yapmalıyız?”. Dil Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-30.
Tucker, J. K. (2012). Perspectives of speech-language pathologists on the use of telepractice in schools: The qualitative view. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 4(2), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2012.6102
Türkan, A. F., & Koçak, A. N. (2021). Dil ve konuşma terapisi alanında tele terapi hizmeti alan bireylerin memnuniyetlerinin incelenmesi. Dil Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 192-219.
Van Eerdenbrugh, S., Schraeyen, K., Leysen, H., Mostaert, C., D'haenens, W., & Vandenborre, D. (2022). Delivery of speech-language therapy and audiology services across the world at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 7(2), 635-646. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_PERSP-21-00134
Waibel, K. H., Garner, S. J., Bojicic, I., & Smith, R. (2017). Outcomes of a military regional multispecialty synchronous telehealth platform and the importance of the dedicated patient presenter. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, 2–17, 1–8.
Ward, E. C., & Burns, C. L. (2014). Dysphagia management via telerehabilitation: A review of the current evidence. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research, 3(5), 1088-1094. https://doi.org/10.6051/j.issn.2224-3992.2014.03.408-17
Weidner, K., & Lowman, J. (2020). Telepractice for adult speech-language pathology services: a systematic review. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 5(1), 326-338. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_PERSP-19-00146
Yang, H. W., Burke, M., Isaacs, S., Rios, K., Schraml-Block, K., Aleman-Tovar, J., ... & Swartz, R. (2021). Family perspectives toward using telehealth in early intervention. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 33(2), 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-020-09744-y
Yoo, J., Yoon, M. S., Lee, C. K., Hong, G. H., & Choi, S. J. (2021). An exploratory survey of priorities in establishing telepractice system for SLPs and caregivers in Korea. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 42(4), 230-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740120916414