Amaç: Travmatik beyin hasarı (TBH), başa alınan bir darbeden, sarsıntıdan veya normal beyin fonksiyonunu bozan delici bir kafa yaralanmasından kaynaklanan dejeneratif olmayan edinilmiş bir beyin hasarıdır. TBH, fokal, diffüz veya her ikisi birden olan beyin hasarına neden olabilir. Semptomlar lezyonun yerine, beyindeki hasarın boyutuna, çocuğun yaşına veya gelişim evresine bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu derleme ile, pediatrik TBH’ de dil, bilişsel iletişim ve davranışsal değerlendirmeler ve müdahale yöntemlerini sunmak amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada geleneksel derleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alan yazın taraması, “pediatrik travmatik beyin hasarı” “bilişsel iletişim” “pediatrik travmatik beyin hasarında değerlendirme ve müdahale” terimlerinin PubMed akademik veri tabanı ve Google Akademik arama motoru yoluyla yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Pediatrik TBH için kapsamlı değerlendirme; vaka öyküsü, bilişsel iletişim, motor konuşma, ses, yazılı dil, sosyal iletişim, beslenme ve yutma, alternatif ve destekleyici iletişim sistemleri değerlendirmesini içermektedir. TBH’ li çocuklar için dil ve konuşma terapistleri, mevcut sorunlara bağlı olarak alternatif ve destekleyici iletişim sistemi, davranışsal, bilişsel iletişim, dil, sosyal iletişim, konuşma, beslenme ve yutma alanlarında müdahale planlamaktadır. Bu derleme kapsamında bilişsel iletişim, dil ve davranışsal değerlendirmeler ve müdahaleler detaylı şekilde ele alınmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu geleneksel derleme ile TBH’nin tanımı, sınıflandırılması, etiyolojisi, insidansı, prevalansı, belirtileri ve semptomları ile DKT’lerin değerlendirme ve müdahale uygulamaları detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. DKT’ler, TBH' li çocukların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda konuşma, dil, bilişsel iletişim ve yutma alanlarında tarama, kapsamlı değerlendirme ile bireysel terapi planları oluşturma ve uygulamadan sorumludur. Bu nedenle, DKT’ lerin pediatrik TBH alanında kapsamlı bilgi ve deneyime sahip olması; ayrıca en uygun değerlendirme ve müdahale yöntemini seçmesi gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
pediatrik travmatik beyin hasarı, bilişsel iletişim, değerlendirme, müdahale
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