Gelişimsel disleksi, genetik, nörolojik ve bilişsel
temellere sahip nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Altta yatan mekanizmalarını
açıklamak üzere çeşitli teoriler ortaya atılmıştır. Bunlar arasında, gelişimsel
disleksinin tüm boyutlarını bütüncül olarak ele alan endofenotipik yaklaşım,
genetik faktörler ile okuma bozuklukları arasındaki dolaylı ve karmaşık
ilişkiyi nörobiyolojik belirteçler aracılığıyla açıklamaktadır. Bir başka deyişle,
endofenotipik yaklaşım gelişimsel disleksi aday genlerinin beyin fonksiyon ve
yapısındaki muhtemel etkilerini ve bu etkilerin bilişsel, duyusal, dil ve okuma
becerileri ile olan karşılıklı ve zincirleme ilişkisini incelemektedir. Bu
derlemenin amacı, gelişimsel disleksiyi endofenotipik yaklaşım çerçevesinde ele
alarak bozukluğun nörogenetik, nörobiyolojik ve nörobilişsel boyutlarını
incelemektir. Gelişimsel disleksinin altta yatan mekanizmalarını bütüncül ve
multidisipliner bakış açısıyla ele alan bu derlemenin, gelişimsel disleksi
erken dönem risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, tarama, değerlendirme ve terapi
yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine ışık tutacak nitelikte olması hedeflenmiştir.
gelişimsel disleksi, endofenotipik yaklaşım, disleksi aday genleri, dorsal-ventral-anterior okuma ağları, fonolojik farkındalık, hızlı otomatik isimlendirme, işleyen bellek
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