Educational Assessment and Diagnostic Practices in Speech and Language Disorders: A Qualitative Study

Tuğberk Alioğlu Özlem Oğuz
Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the perspectives of personnel working in Guidance and Research Centers (RAMsTurkish abbreviation) regarding the educational assessment and diagnostic processes of individuals with speech and language disorders. The research specifically focuses on understanding how these professionals perceive the current procedures, challenges, and effectiveness of practices related to the identification and evaluation of individuals with such communication difficulties. The study also highlights the vital role these processes play in the broader context of special education services and underscores the professional needs of RAM personnel to ensure accurate and comprehensive evaluations.

Method: A qualitative research method was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the participants' experiences and perspectives. The phenomenological research design was adopted, as it allows for a detailed exploration of how individuals interpret and make sense of their professional roles and experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 participants working in various RAMs across different regions. The interviews were conducted online to ensure accessibility and participation flexibility. A participant information form and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect demographic and contextual data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using content analysis, a widely accepted method in qualitative research. The interview transcripts were systematically processed and coded using MaxQDA Analytics PRO 2024 software, which provided a structured and rigorous platform for data organization and interpretation.

Results: Five main themes emerged: (1) Critical Stages in the Assessment and Diagnosis Process, (2) Challenges Faced by Personnel, (3) Utilization and Limitations of Assessment Tools and Technology, (4) Perceptions Regarding Professional Roles, and (5) Recommendations for Improvement. Participants consistently identified the educational assessment and diagnosis phase following medical reporting as pivotal. A dominant challenge was the insufficient number of speech and language therapists within RAMs, echoing findings from previous studies highlighting workforce shortages in special education services (Kozlowski et al., 2021). Additionally, participants emphasized the limited diversity and availability of appropriate diagnostic tools, alongside the underutilization of technological advancements, which aligns with the broader literature advocating for modernization in assessment approaches (Smith & Johnson, 2019). Staff underscored the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and expressed a strong need for enhanced professional training.

Conclusion: To enhance the effectiveness of educational assessment and diagnostic procedures for individuals with speech and language disorders, it is essential to employ speech and language therapists in RAMs. Furthermore, involving interdisciplinary teams in these processes is expected to yield more reliable and holistic outcomes. The findings also emphasize the need for continuous in-service training programs aimed at increasing RAM personnel's competence and awareness regarding speech and language disorders, ultimately contributing to the improvement of service quality and educational equity.


Keywords

guidance and research center, speech and language disorders, educational assessment, diagnosis


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